Calibración de substancias radiactivas
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Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (Argentina)
Resumen
Dada una fuente radiactiva, se entiende por calibración de la misma, la determinación del número de desintegraciones que sufre por segundo, esto es la actividad de la fuente. Si se expone un detector al retirarlo, se podrá medir el número de partículas o rayos que en la unidad de tiempo penetran en el mismo; y puesto que el detector solo cubre una cierta fracción del ángulo solido total "visto" desde la fuente, solo se mide una fracción de la actividad de la misma. Cuando la fuente irradia en forma isótropa, puede apreciarse su actividad conociendo el ángulo sólido abarcado por el detector, su eficiencia y ciertos factores relativos a la fuente y su soporte como así también el medio que rodea los mismos.
Given a radioactive source, it is understood by its calibration, the determination of the number of disintegrations that it suffers per second, that is, the activity of the source. If a detector is exposed when it is removed, it will be possible to measure the number of particles or rays that penetrate it in a unit of time; and since the detector only covers a certain fraction of the total solid angle "seen" from the source, only a fraction of the source activity is measured. When the source radiates isotropically, its activity can be appreciated knowing the solid angle covered by the detector, its efficiency and certain factors related to the source and its support as well as the medium that surrounds them.
Given a radioactive source, it is understood by its calibration, the determination of the number of disintegrations that it suffers per second, that is, the activity of the source. If a detector is exposed when it is removed, it will be possible to measure the number of particles or rays that penetrate it in a unit of time; and since the detector only covers a certain fraction of the total solid angle "seen" from the source, only a fraction of the source activity is measured. When the source radiates isotropically, its activity can be appreciated knowing the solid angle covered by the detector, its efficiency and certain factors related to the source and its support as well as the medium that surrounds them.