Interacciones sobre macroiones e iones móviles en solución. Efecto de polielectrolito
Cargando...
Archivos
Fecha
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Asociación Química Argentina
Resumen
La presencia de polielectrolitos en soluciones iónicas produce una fuerte alteración de los valores de las propiedades de los iones móviles. En el presente trabajo se exponen los modelos teóricos que explican las propiedades observadas de las soluciones polielectrolíticas. El llamado efecto polielectrolito se describe como la consecuencia del supuesto básico de estos modelos, que es la existencia de un elevado campo electrostático que rodea las cadenas poliméricas y que conduce a una fuerte interacción entre macroiones y contraiones. A la luz de este efecto se describen y discuten brevemente varias aplicaciones de las soluciones polielectrolíticas, como su influencia en las reacciones iónicas, su uso como compuestos modelo para el estudio de las resinas de intercambio iónico, su utilidad en el teñido del agua y su empleo para el control de incrustaciones en evaporadores de agua.
The presence of polielectrolytes in ionic solutions produces a strong alteration of the values of the propierties of the mobile ions. The theoretical models which explain the observed properties of polyelectrolyte solutions are exposed in the present work. The so called polyelectrolyte effect is described as the consequence of the basic assemption of these models, which is the existence of a high electrostatic field sarrounding the polymeric chains and which leads to a strong interaction between macroions and counterions. Several applícations of polyelectrolyte solutions, such as their influence on ionic reactions, their use as model compounds for the study of ion-exchange resins, their usefulness in water teatment and their use for scale control in water evaporators, are briefly described and discussed under the light of this effect.
The presence of polielectrolytes in ionic solutions produces a strong alteration of the values of the propierties of the mobile ions. The theoretical models which explain the observed properties of polyelectrolyte solutions are exposed in the present work. The so called polyelectrolyte effect is described as the consequence of the basic assemption of these models, which is the existence of a high electrostatic field sarrounding the polymeric chains and which leads to a strong interaction between macroions and counterions. Several applícations of polyelectrolyte solutions, such as their influence on ionic reactions, their use as model compounds for the study of ion-exchange resins, their usefulness in water teatment and their use for scale control in water evaporators, are briefly described and discussed under the light of this effect.