Publicación: Importancia de la energía nucleoléctrica en un pais en desarrollo. El caso de Argentina
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Fil: Castro Madero, Carlos Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina
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La Argentina, como país en desarrollo, posee ciertas características atípicas: bajo índice de crecimiento demográfico; alto ingreso per capita; mano de obra calificada. Estas últimas características y la variedad y cantidad de recursos naturales de que dispone le ha permitido alcanzar autosuficiencia en materia energética, utilizando fundamentalmente los combustibles fósiles y los recursos hidroeléctricos. El próximo siglo requerirá, en cambio, una explotación intensiva de recursos nucleoeléctricos para conservar tal independencia energética. La situación descripta requiere establecer un programa energético nacional y un plan nucleoeléctrico contribuyente, cuyo objetivo integral es alcanzar, a fines de siglo, autosuficiencia en el sector nucleoeléctrico para satisfacer los requerimientos energéticos nacionales. Para su logro, según nuestra experiencia, es necesaria la adquisición de capacidades locales en los siguientes aspectos relacionados con centrales nucleares: operación y mantenimiento, generación de ingeniería, dirección y ejecución de las obras y , por último, producción de suministros. Dentro del marco conceptual reseñado se describen la evolución pasada y el futuro de las actividades que componen el plan nucleoeléctrico y su estado actual de desarrollo. Se presta particular atención a: 1) la magnitud de recursos humanos y económicos requeridos; 2) la participación progresiva de la industria e ingeniería local; 3) el desarrollo de la capacidad para la dirección de proyectos de gran envergadura; 4) la formación de la infraestructura científico-técnica necesaria. Como conclusión se analizan los aspectos fundamentales que necesariamente están subyacentes en el desarrollo de programas científico-técnicos-industriales de esta dimensión y complejidad de realización. El esfuerzo que demande en cada caso concreto cada uno de estos aspectos será distinto y dependerá de factores cuya evaluación y planificación serán un requisito esencial previo para el éxito del esfuerzo que se emprenda.
For a developing country, ttae Argentine Republic has certain non-typical features: a low birth rate, a high per capita income and a skilled work forcé. These characteristics, together with the variety and quantity of its natural re so urces, have enabled it to attain self-sufficiency in the matter of energy by making use, for the most part, of fosail fuels and hydroelectric resources. The century ahead, however, will require extensive exploitation of nuclear power resources if this independence in the domain of energy is to be malntained. The situation so described makes it necessary to draw up a nationwide energy programme and, in conjunction with this, a nuclear power plan, the o ve rail objective of which is, by the end of the century, to achieve self-sufficiency in the nuclear power sector so as to be able to meet the country’s energy requirements. In order to attain this goal, it is necessary, according to our experience, to acquire local capabilities in the following áreas related to nuclear powerplants: operation and maintenance, development of engineering skills, management and implementation of projects and, lastly, the production of supplies. As part of the conceptual framework under review, there is a description of the past and future development of the activities under the nuclear power plan and of their present stage of progress. Particular attention isdrawn to: (1) The extent of the manpower and financing requirements; (2) the gradually increasing participation of local industry and engineering; (3) the development of a capacity for larg e-scale project management; (4) formation of the necessary sáentific and technical infrastructure. In conclusión, there is an analysis of certain fundamental aspects which necessarily underlie the development of scientific-techni cal-industrial programmes of these dimensions and complexity of implementation. The effort which each of these aspects requires will be different in each individual case and will depend on factors whose evaluation and planning will be an essential requirement for the success of the effort undertaken.
For a developing country, ttae Argentine Republic has certain non-typical features: a low birth rate, a high per capita income and a skilled work forcé. These characteristics, together with the variety and quantity of its natural re so urces, have enabled it to attain self-sufficiency in the matter of energy by making use, for the most part, of fosail fuels and hydroelectric resources. The century ahead, however, will require extensive exploitation of nuclear power resources if this independence in the domain of energy is to be malntained. The situation so described makes it necessary to draw up a nationwide energy programme and, in conjunction with this, a nuclear power plan, the o ve rail objective of which is, by the end of the century, to achieve self-sufficiency in the nuclear power sector so as to be able to meet the country’s energy requirements. In order to attain this goal, it is necessary, according to our experience, to acquire local capabilities in the following áreas related to nuclear powerplants: operation and maintenance, development of engineering skills, management and implementation of projects and, lastly, the production of supplies. As part of the conceptual framework under review, there is a description of the past and future development of the activities under the nuclear power plan and of their present stage of progress. Particular attention isdrawn to: (1) The extent of the manpower and financing requirements; (2) the gradually increasing participation of local industry and engineering; (3) the development of a capacity for larg e-scale project management; (4) formation of the necessary sáentific and technical infrastructure. In conclusión, there is an analysis of certain fundamental aspects which necessarily underlie the development of scientific-techni cal-industrial programmes of these dimensions and complexity of implementation. The effort which each of these aspects requires will be different in each individual case and will depend on factors whose evaluation and planning will be an essential requirement for the success of the effort undertaken.