Estudio del proceso de trefilado en frío de tubos sin costura aplicando un software de simulación de procesos de deformación
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Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina. Gerencia de Área Académica. Gerencia Instituto de Tecnología "Jorge Sabato"
Universidad Nacional San Martin. Instituto de Tecnología "Jorge Sabato"; Argentina
Universidad Nacional San Martin. Instituto de Tecnología "Jorge Sabato"; Argentina
Resumen
Los tubos de acero trefilados en frío se utilizan actualmente en una amplia variedad de aplicaciones en diferentes sectores, tales como la automotriz, la minería, la construcción e incluso la industria energética; esto se debe a que el trefilado en frio permite obtener una buena terminación superficial, elevada precisión dimensional, y propiedades mecánicas específicas. Sin embargo, en estos procesos se presenta la oportunidad de reducir el porcentaje de roturas de tubos durante el estirado, para evitar los efectos que estas roturas generan: aumento de scrap del proceso, mayores tiempos de producción, demoras en los plazos de entrega, mayores costos de fabricación y sanciones por incumplimiento de contratos. Por lo tanto, se realizaron simulaciones de un proceso de trefilado en frío de tubos de acero sin costura utilizando un programa de simulación de procesos por método de elementos finitos: Simufact Forming. Se tomaron como base trabajos anteriores realizados sobre simulaciones, se evaluó la incidencia de distintos parámetros de diseño de las matrices, coeficientes de fricción, sobre distribución de deformaciones y tensiones residuales, daño de Cockroft-Latham, y se compararon dos configuraciones distintas de un proceso de trefilado en frío de tubos, donde las dimensiones finales e iniciales de los tubos eran iguales, pero se modificaban las dimensiones intermedias (diámetro y espesor). Finalmente, también se caracterizó el acero utilizado en los tubos mediante microscopia (óptica y electrónica) y ensayos de dureza.
Cold drawn steel tubes are currently used in a wide variety of applications, in different sectors such as the automotive industry, mining, construction, or even the energy sector; this is due to the good surface finish, precise dimensions and specified mechanical properties that can be obtained with the drawing process. However, in these processes, the opportunity arises to reduce the percentage of tube failure during drawing, in order to avoid the following effects: increase of production scrap, longer production time, shipping delay, higher manufacturing costs, and sanctions because of breach of contract. Therefore, simulations of a seamless steel- tube cold drawing process were carried out, employing the finite element method software: Simufact Forming. Starting from previous Works on numerical simulation, the impact of diedesign parameters on strain distribution, residual stresses and Cockroft-Latham damage values was evaluated. Moreover, two different process configurations for a two-pass drawing process were compared, in which initial and final tube dimensions were the same, and intermediate tube dimensions (diameter and width) changed. Finally, steel-grade used in tubes was tested by optical and scanning electron microscopy, and hardness testing.
Cold drawn steel tubes are currently used in a wide variety of applications, in different sectors such as the automotive industry, mining, construction, or even the energy sector; this is due to the good surface finish, precise dimensions and specified mechanical properties that can be obtained with the drawing process. However, in these processes, the opportunity arises to reduce the percentage of tube failure during drawing, in order to avoid the following effects: increase of production scrap, longer production time, shipping delay, higher manufacturing costs, and sanctions because of breach of contract. Therefore, simulations of a seamless steel- tube cold drawing process were carried out, employing the finite element method software: Simufact Forming. Starting from previous Works on numerical simulation, the impact of diedesign parameters on strain distribution, residual stresses and Cockroft-Latham damage values was evaluated. Moreover, two different process configurations for a two-pass drawing process were compared, in which initial and final tube dimensions were the same, and intermediate tube dimensions (diameter and width) changed. Finally, steel-grade used in tubes was tested by optical and scanning electron microscopy, and hardness testing.
