Advanced Coating Nanomaterials for Drug Release Applications

Abstract

Current rational design of advanced coating materials has paved the way for controlled release technologies in biomedical applications. In this context, there is an increasing clinical need for designing and developing biomaterials and medicated dressings, to enhance the regeneration of injured or diseased tissues and organs, and to prevent microbial contamination. The development of novel biomaterialbased coatings with drug release capability is highly desirable. A variety of materials such as synthetic and natural polymers, ceramics, hybrid and composite materials have been engineered for the loading and releasing of drugs in a controlable and/or sustainable manner, thus improving active efficiency. In addition, nanoscale materials offer remarkable advantages in drug delivery applications owing to their high surface area and unique physicochemical properties, which depend on their size and shape. However, the physical and chemical properties of drugs, release routes and application are the driving forces of choosing the type of coating material and of controlled release system. The compatibility with active ingredients also plays a key role in the selection of materials. This chapter examines advanced coating nanomaterials describing the nuances of drug reléase systems and their proposed mechanisms. The advantages of different material combinations are described with special emphasis in their application to meet the current challenges for tissue regeneration, antibacterial activities and prevention of infections.