Concentrador cilíndrico fijo a espejo facetado para aprovechamiento de la energía solar. Estudio teórico y diseño de un prototipo
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Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina
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Se describen brevemente los sistemas de conversión fototérmica de la energía solar y se enuncian las razones por las cuales se seleccionó al concentrador fijo a espejo facetado (CFEF) para ser utilizado en la etapa inicial de un programa de generación de electricidad a partir de la energía solar. Dicho concentrador fue propuesto por Russell y está formado por un conjunto de espejos planos, angostos y largos. Se realiza un estudio teórico de dicho concentrador, abarcando: a) la determinación de la posición e inclinación de cada uno de los espejos; fcO el desplazamiento del foco en función del ángulo de incidencia; c) las pérdidas debidas a sombras y apantallamientos provocados por los espejos, para lo cual se tiene en cuenta, a diferencia de lo hecho en la Ref. 2, el ancho finito de los mismos; d) las pérdidas producidas en los extremos del sistema y e) una evaluación del factor de concentración. Sobre la base del análisis precedente se simuló el comportamiento del CFEF mediante computadora. Se estudió el flujo de energía y la energía que llegan al plano receptor en función de los parámetros del concentrador, a fin de selección ar un conjunto de valores de éstos tendientes a optimizar la operación del sistema a lo largo del año. Se diseñó, tomando como base los valores obtenidos anteriormente, un prototipo de 2,4 m de largo, 1 m de radio y con un ángulo de abertura varia b le hasta 145°, pudiéndose modificar, además, la inclinación del concentrador entre 0 y 60 grados. Se están construyendo dos prototipos, uno con espejos de vidrio nacional y el otro con espejos de vidrio importado. Se determinan las imágenes producidas por los dos tipos de espejos como así también el coeficiente de reflexión de los mismos.
Systems for the photothermal conversión of solar energy are briefly described and the reasons for selecting the faceted fixed mirror solar concentrator (FFMSC) for use in the initial stage of a program for the generation of electric power from solar energy are given. The FFMSC has been proposed by Russell and it is formed by a set of flat, long mirror slats. A theoretical analysis of the concentrator is given, which covers: a) the determination of the position and of the angular tilt of each of the mirrors; b) the movement of the focal zone as a function of the angle of incidence; c) the losses due to shadowing and screening originated by the mirrors lats, for which their finite wid this taken into account; d) the losses at the ends of the system; e) an evaíuation of the concentration factor. On the basis of the preceedíng analysis, the performance of a FFMSC was simulated. The flux of energy and the energy reaching the receptor plane were both studied as a function of the parameters of the concentrator, so that a set of values appropiate for the optimization of the system over the whole year could be selected. Taking into account this set of values, a prototype has been designed with a length of 24 m, a radius of 1 m and an aperture angle variable up to 145 degrees; besides, it may be tilted up to 60 degrees. Two units are being constructed, one using mirrors made from locally produced glass and a second one using imported glass. The optical quality of these mirrors has been determined.
Systems for the photothermal conversión of solar energy are briefly described and the reasons for selecting the faceted fixed mirror solar concentrator (FFMSC) for use in the initial stage of a program for the generation of electric power from solar energy are given. The FFMSC has been proposed by Russell and it is formed by a set of flat, long mirror slats. A theoretical analysis of the concentrator is given, which covers: a) the determination of the position and of the angular tilt of each of the mirrors; b) the movement of the focal zone as a function of the angle of incidence; c) the losses due to shadowing and screening originated by the mirrors lats, for which their finite wid this taken into account; d) the losses at the ends of the system; e) an evaíuation of the concentration factor. On the basis of the preceedíng analysis, the performance of a FFMSC was simulated. The flux of energy and the energy reaching the receptor plane were both studied as a function of the parameters of the concentrator, so that a set of values appropiate for the optimization of the system over the whole year could be selected. Taking into account this set of values, a prototype has been designed with a length of 24 m, a radius of 1 m and an aperture angle variable up to 145 degrees; besides, it may be tilted up to 60 degrees. Two units are being constructed, one using mirrors made from locally produced glass and a second one using imported glass. The optical quality of these mirrors has been determined.
