Arsenic in Latin America

Abstract

An overview about the presence of arsenic (As) in waters of Latin America (LA) is presented. Aspects on As occurrence, effects of As on human health, regulations regarding the maximum allowable concentration of As in drinking water, analytical techniques for As determination, and conventional/emerging technologies for As removal developed in LA are indicated. Arsenic presence has been identified in many LA countries in a range of concentrations, originated from various sources; however, its origin is mainly natural. Main analytical techniques available in LA laboratories are described. Pathologies derived from the chronic consumption of As, the metabolism of As in the human body and the effects of the different As chemical forms are detailed. A list of conventional and emerging technologies for As removal in LA waters for human consumption, for large, medium and small populations, rural and periurban, is reported. Conclusions and recommendations to face the problem are included.