Desarrollo de materiales para dispositivos de conversión de energía
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Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina. Gerencia de Área Académica. Gerencia Instituto de Tecnología "Jorge Sabato"
Universidad Nacional San Martin. Instituto de Tecnología "Jorge Sabato"; Argentina
Universidad Nacional San Martin. Instituto de Tecnología "Jorge Sabato"; Argentina
Resumen
En esta tesis se investigó el diseño, síntesis y caracterización de películas delgadas mesoporosas de zirconia estabilizada con itria (YSZ), enfocándose en la influencia de la nanoestructuración y la mesoporosidad sobre el transporte iónico, con vistas a su aplicación como interfaz entre el electrodo y el electrolito en celdas de combustible de óxido sólido (SOFC). El trabajo combinó enfoques experimentales y teóricos, integrando técnicas avanzadas de caracterización estructural, espectroscopía de impedancia electroquímica (EIE) y simulaciones ab initio basadas en teoría del funcional de la densidad (DFT). Se desarrollaron películas delgadas densas y mesoporosas de YSZ con concentraciones de dopante de 4% y 10% molar de itrio, depositadas sobre diversos sustratos mediante el método sol-gel asistido por autoensamblado inducido por evaporación. El uso de diferentes agentes moldeantes permitió controlar el grado de porosidad y evaluar su efecto sobre las propiedades funcionales del material. Se exploraron distintos tratamientos térmicos con el objeto de preservar la estructura mesoporosa. La caracterización estructural mediante, microscopía electrónica, difracción y reflectometría de rayos X, reveló que la morfología de los films logra mantenerse ordenada y homogénea sometiendo los films a tratamientos térmicos a 500 °C previamente a ser sometidos a la caracterización de EIE. Las mediciones de impedancia electroquímica en configuración paralela al sustrato permitieron analizar el comportamiento del transporte iónico en función de la temperatura. Los resultados demostraron que la presencia de una mesoporosidad altamente accesible mejora la conductividad superficial y reduce la energía de activación del proceso global de conducción iónica. Se identificó un mecanismo dominante consistente con la migración de iones de oxígeno a lo largo de los bordes de grano y superficies internas. Las simulaciones DFT-NEB confirmaron que las barreras de energía para la migración iónica son menores en trayectorias superficiales, particularmente en regiones pobres en itrio, confirmando los resultados experimentales. Asimismo, se fabricaron y evaluaron celdas simétricas compuestas por películas delgadas mesoporosas sobre sustratos monocristalinos de YSZ. Estas celdas exhibieron mejoras sustanciales en la respuesta electroquímica, lo cual se atribuye a una mayor área activa y mejor conectividad del transporte superficial. Los resultados de esta tesis demuestran que el control de la microestructura a través de la síntesis mesoporosa permite optimizar el desempeño de materiales cerámicos para dispositivos de conversión de energía y constituye un avance en el uso de películas delgadas para SOFC. Esto abre nuevas líneas dentro de este tema del diseño racional de electrolitos nanoestructurados, con potencial para contribuir al desarrollo de SOFCs más eficientes y operativas a temperaturas intermedias.
This thesis investigate the design, synthesis, and characterization of mesoporous thin films of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), focusing on the influence of nanostructuring and mesoporosity on ionic transport, with a view toward their application as an interface between the electrode and the electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The work combined experimental and theoretical approaches, integrating advanced structural characterization techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and ab initio simulations based on density functional theory (DFT). Dense and mesoporous YSZ thin films with 4% and 10% molar yttria doping were developed and deposited on various substrates using the sol-gel method assisted by evaporation- induced self-assembly. The use of different templating agents enabled control over the degree of porosity and allowed evaluation of its effect on the material’s functional properties. Various thermal treatments were explored in order to preserve the mesoporous structure. Structural characterization by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and reflectometry revealed that the film morphology remained ordered and homogeneous when thermally treated at 500 °C prior to EIS characterization. This approach enabled tunable accesible porosity depending on the templating agent and calcination conditions. Electrochemical impedance measurements in an in-plane configuration were used to analyze the ionic transport behavior as a function of temperature. The results showed that the presence of highly accesible mesoporosity enhance surface conductivity and reduces the activation energy of the overall ionic conduction process. A dominant mechanism was identified, consistent with oxygen ion migration along grain boundaries and internal surfaces. DFT-NEB simulations confirmed that energy barriers for ionic migration are lower along surface pathways, particularly in yttria-deficient regions, supporting the experimental findings. Additionally, symmetric cells composed of mesoporous thin films on single-crystal YSZ substrates were fabricated and evaluated. These cells exhibited substantial improvements in electrochemical response, attributed to a larger active area and improved connectivity for surface transport. The results of this thesis demonstrate that controlling microstructure through mesoporous synthesis allows optimization of ceramic materials performance for energy conversión devices. This represents a significant step forward in the application of thin films for SOFCs and opens new avenues in the rational design of nanostructured electrolytes, with the potential to contribute to the development of more efficient SOFCs operating at intermediate temperatures.
This thesis investigate the design, synthesis, and characterization of mesoporous thin films of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), focusing on the influence of nanostructuring and mesoporosity on ionic transport, with a view toward their application as an interface between the electrode and the electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The work combined experimental and theoretical approaches, integrating advanced structural characterization techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and ab initio simulations based on density functional theory (DFT). Dense and mesoporous YSZ thin films with 4% and 10% molar yttria doping were developed and deposited on various substrates using the sol-gel method assisted by evaporation- induced self-assembly. The use of different templating agents enabled control over the degree of porosity and allowed evaluation of its effect on the material’s functional properties. Various thermal treatments were explored in order to preserve the mesoporous structure. Structural characterization by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and reflectometry revealed that the film morphology remained ordered and homogeneous when thermally treated at 500 °C prior to EIS characterization. This approach enabled tunable accesible porosity depending on the templating agent and calcination conditions. Electrochemical impedance measurements in an in-plane configuration were used to analyze the ionic transport behavior as a function of temperature. The results showed that the presence of highly accesible mesoporosity enhance surface conductivity and reduces the activation energy of the overall ionic conduction process. A dominant mechanism was identified, consistent with oxygen ion migration along grain boundaries and internal surfaces. DFT-NEB simulations confirmed that energy barriers for ionic migration are lower along surface pathways, particularly in yttria-deficient regions, supporting the experimental findings. Additionally, symmetric cells composed of mesoporous thin films on single-crystal YSZ substrates were fabricated and evaluated. These cells exhibited substantial improvements in electrochemical response, attributed to a larger active area and improved connectivity for surface transport. The results of this thesis demonstrate that controlling microstructure through mesoporous synthesis allows optimization of ceramic materials performance for energy conversión devices. This represents a significant step forward in the application of thin films for SOFCs and opens new avenues in the rational design of nanostructured electrolytes, with the potential to contribute to the development of more efficient SOFCs operating at intermediate temperatures.
